How to switch to rescue mode
It depend on your VPS provider, I use bero-host.de which offer couple of rescue ISO to mount.
I will use SystemRescueCD for this example.

Mount into rescue mode
Choose normal mode is enough for this example.

Check for your Debian Disk and partition and mount it.
lsblk
fdisk -l
In this example, Debian operating system is on /dev/sda3

Next step, mount the partition
# 掛載 root 分區
mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
# 進入 chroot 環境
chroot /mnt
## Option 1, remove preset root user password
mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
nano /mnt/etc/shadow
### Replace root:$y$j9T$....:1234:1234 to root::....
## Option 2
## Only use if you know your VPS provider not using /mnt/etc/shadow to configure your password (qmenu-agent)
## Reset the root user password
passwd root
exit
umount -R /mnt
shutdown -r now

From this change to

Final reboot into your Debian operating system and set root password again.

## Login: root
Password: leave it blank, just press "Enter" to continue.
## Set new root user password
passwd root